O'ahu (pronounced [o'??hu], anglicized Oahu ), known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people -- about two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawai'i. The state capital, Honolulu, is on O'ahu's southeast coast. Including small associated islands such as Ford Island and the islands in K?ne?ohe Bay and off the eastern (windward) coast, its area is 596.7 square miles (1,545.4 km2), making it the 20th-largest island in the United States.
O'ahu is 44 miles (71 km) long and 30 miles (48 km) across. Its shoreline is 227 miles (365 km) long. The island is composed of two separate shield volcanoes: the Wai'anae and Ko?olau Ranges, with a broad "valley" or saddle (the central O'ahu Plain) between them. The highest point is Ka?ala in the Wai'anae Range, rising to 4,003 feet (1,220 m) above sea level.
Video Oahu
IntroductionEdit
The island was home to 953,207 people in 2010 (approximately 72% of the population of the state, with approximately 81% of those living in or near the Honolulu urban area). O'ahu has for a long time been known as the "Gathering Place". The term O'ahu has no confirmed meaning in Hawaiian, other than that of the place itself. Ancient Hawaiian tradition attributes the name's origin in the legend of Hawai'iloa, the Polynesian navigator credited with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates that he named the island after a son.
Residents of O'ahu refer to themselves as "locals" (as done throughout Hawai'i), no matter their ancestry.
The city of Honolulu--largest city, state capital, and main deepwater marine port for the State of Hawai'i--is located here. As a jurisdictional unit, the entire island of O'ahu is in the Honolulu County, although as a place name, Honolulu occupies only a portion of the southeast end of the island.
Well-known features found on O'ahu include Waik?k?, Pearl Harbor, Diamond Head, Hanauma Bay, K?ne'ohe Bay, Kailua Bay, North Shore.
While the entire island is officially the City and County of Honolulu, locals identify settlements using town names (generally those of the Census Designated Places, and consider the island to be divided into various areas, which may overlap. The most commonly accepted areas are the "City", "Town" or "Town side", which is the urbanized area from Halawa to the area below Diamond Head (residents of the island north of the Ko'olau Mountains consider the Town Side to be the entire southern half), "West O'ahu," which goes from Pearl Harbor to Kapolei, 'Ewa and may include the M?kaha and Wai'anae areas; the "North Shore" (northwestern coast); the "Windward Side" (northeastern coast from Kahuku to K?ne?ohe); the "East Side" or "East Coast" (the eastern portion of the island, from K?ne'ohe on the northeast, around the tip of the island to include much of the area east of Diamond Head); and "The Valley" or "Central O'ahu" which runs northwest from Pearl Harbor toward Hale'iwa. These terms are somewhat flexible, depending on the area in which the user lives, and are used in a mostly general way, but residents of each area identify strongly with their part of the island, especially those outside of widely-known towns. For instance, if locals are asked where they live, they would usually reply "Windward O'ahu" rather than "L?'ie".
Being roughly diamond-shaped, surrounded by ocean and divided by mountain ranges, directions on O?ahu are not generally described with the compass directions found throughout the world. Locals instead use directions originally using Honolulu as the central point. To go 'ewa means traveling toward the western tip of the island, "Diamond Head" is toward the eastern tip, mauka is inland (toward the central Koolau Mountain range, north of Honolulu) and makai toward the sea. When these directions became common, Diamond Head was the eastern edge of the primary populated area. Today, with a much larger populace and extensive development, the mountain itself is often not actually to the east when directions are given, and is not to be used as a literal point of reference--to go "Diamond Head" is to go to the east from anywhere on the island.
O'ahu is also known for having the longest rain shower in history, which lasted for 200 consecutive days. K?ne'ohe Ranch, O'ahu, Hawai'i reported 247 straight days with rain from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The island has many nicknames one of them being "rainbow state." This is because rainbows are a common sight in Hawai'i due to the frequent rain showers. The average temperature in O'ahu is around 70-85 °F (21-29 °C) and the island is the warmest in June through October. The weather during the winter is cooler, but still warm with an average temperature of 68-78 °F (20-26 °C).
The windward side is known for some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. Lanikai Beach on the windward coast of O'ahu has been consistently ranked among the best beaches in the world.
Maps Oahu
HistoryEdit
The island has been inhabited since at least 3rd century A.D. The 304-year-old Kingdom of O'ahu was once ruled by the most ancient ali?i in all of the Hawaiian Islands. The first great king of O'ahu was Ma?ilik?kahi, the lawmaker, who was followed by many generation of monarchs. Kuali?i was the first of the warlike kings and so were his sons. In 1773, the throne fell upon Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa. In 1783, Kahekili II, King of Maui, conquered O'ahu and deposed the reigning family and then made his son, Kalanik?pule, king of O?ahu. Kamehameha the Great would conquer in the mountain Kalanik?pule's force in the Battle of Nu?uanu. Kamehameha founded the Kingdom of Hawai?i with the conquest of O?ahu in 1795. Hawai?i would not be unified until the islands of Kaua?i and Ni?ihau surrendered under King Kaumuali?i in 1810. Kamehameha III moved his capital from L?hain?, Maui to Honolulu, O?ahu in 1845. ?Iolani Palace, built later by other members of the royal family, is still standing, and is the only royal palace on American soil.
O?ahu was apparently the first of the Hawaiian Islands sighted by the crew of HMS Resolution on January 19, 1778, during Captain James Cook's third Pacific expedition. Escorted by HMS Discovery, the expedition was surprised to find high islands this far north in the central Pacific. O?ahu was not actually visited by Europeans until February 28, 1779, when Captain Charles Clerke aboard HMS Resolution stepped ashore at Waimea Bay. Clerke had taken command of the ship after James Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay (island of Hawai?i) on February 14, and was leaving the islands for the North Pacific. With the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands came the introduction of disease, mosquitoes, and aggressive foreign animals. Although indirect, the simple exposure to these foreign species caused permanent damage to the Native Hawaiian people and environment.
The Imperial Japanese Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor, O?ahu on the morning of December 7, 1941 brought the United States into World War II. The surprise attack was aimed at the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine Air Forces. The attack damaged or destroyed twelve American warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and resulted in the deaths of 2,335 American servicemen and 68 civilians (of those, 1,177 were the result of the destruction of the USS Arizona alone). At the time, Hawai?i was not yet a state.
Today, O?ahu has become a tourism and shopping haven. Over five million visitors (mainly from the contiguous United States and Japan) flock there every year to enjoy the quintessential island holiday experience.
Law enforcementEdit
O?ahu boasts of having had the Olympic Gold Medal winner Duke Kahanamoku serve as Sheriff, perhaps the only such athlete to serve as a law enforcement professional. He held that office for 13 consecutive terms, from 1932 until 1961.
Visitors should be aware that some of the police vehicles on O?ahu (and on the "Big Island" of Hawai?i) are unmarked except for the blue lights mounted on their roofs. Any officer making a stop for non-emergency traffic infractions is required to be in uniform. With most of these unmarked units being personally owned vehicles, they may be of any make, model or color. Under most circumstances, regulations require these roof lights to have a "cruise" mode, in which a steady, dim illumination can be seen.
Tourist attractionsEdit
Top beachesEdit
- Ala Moana Beach
- Hanauma Bay
- K?ne?ohe Bay
- Ko Olina Beach Park
- Kailua
- Lanikai Beach
- Papailoa Beach
- Sandy Beach
- Sunset Beach
- Waik?k? Beach
- Waim?nalo Beach
- Waimea Bay
AttractionsEdit
- Ala Moana
- Aloha Tower
- Aulani, a Disney Resort & Spa
- Banzai Pipeline
- Bishop Museum
- Diamond Head
- Dole Plantation
- Foster Botanical Garden
- Ka?ena Point
- Honolulu
- Honolulu Museum of Art
- Ho?omaluhia Botanical Garden
- ?Iolani Palace
- Kualoa Ranch
- L??ie Hawaii Temple
- Nu?uanu Pali Lookout
- Mauna ?Ala
- Makapuu Lighthouse
- National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific or "Punchbowl"
- North Shore
- Pali Lookout
- Pearl Harbor
- Polynesian Cultural Center
- Triple Crown of Surfing
- USS Arizona Memorial
- USS Missouri
- Valley of the Temples Memorial Park
- Waik?k?
- Waik?k? Aquarium
- Waimea Valley Audubon Center
- Waimea Valley
In mediaEdit
Due to its beauty, easy access from Hollywood, and incentives offered by the state and local governments, O?ahu has been featured in many movies and television shows. A sampling of notable films and shows that have shot scenes on O?ahu includes, but is not limited to:
FilmsEdit
- 50 First Dates
- Aloha
- Battleship (2012) is set and filmed on location on O?ahu and the other Hawaiian islands
- Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding
- Blue Crush
- Forgetting Sarah Marshall
- From Here to Eternity (1953)
- Godzilla (2014)
- The Disney Channel movie Johnny Tsunami as well as its sequel, Johnny Kapahala, use O?ahu as the hometown of the family
- Jaws
- Jurassic Park movies
- Kong: Skull Island
- Mighty Joe Young
- Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates
- North Shore (1987)
- Pearl Harbor
- Some scenes from Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides were filmed on O?ahu
- Soul Surfer
- The Descendants
- The Even Stevens Movie, also by Disney, was filmed in various locations on O?ahu
- The Karate Kid Part II
- Tora! Tora! Tora!
- Windtalkers
- The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Many scenes from the arena were filmed on O?ahu
GamesEdit
- In the video games Test Drive Unlimited and Test Drive Unlimited 2 players can drive around O'ahu island's 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of road.
- Some aircraft can be flown over O?ahu as it appeared during the later years of World War II in the online multiplayer combat flight simulator War Thunder. Most American aircraft can be flown from the Pearl Harbor airstrip in the game's Test Flight mode.
- Microsoft Flight, released in 2012 as the successor to the Microsoft Flight Simulator series, was set on island of Hawai?i. The game had a piece of downloadable content (DLC) called Hawaiian Adventure Pack. Once purchased, it brought detail to all of the Hawaiian islands to the game, including O?ahu. The DLC also brought new airports to land and take off from and new missions to complete, among other things.
- In Pokémon Sun and Moon, Melemele Island is based on O?ahu.
LiteratureEdit
- The novel From Here to Eternity (1951) and the film and television series based on it all end with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.
- Michael Crichton's posthumous techno-thriller novel, Micro, is set in the island of O?ahu.
- Boyd Morrison's book The Tsunami Countdown is set on O?ahu.
- Alan Brennert's book Honolulu tells the fictional tale of Korean girls who came to O?ahu in the early part of the 20th century and includes accurate Hawaiian history.
TelevisionEdit
- PBS Nature's Condition Black
- Dante's Cove
- The reality TV show Dog the Bounty Hunter is filmed in the regions of Honolulu, O?ahu (as well as other regions), and the city of Kailua on the island of Hawai?i
- The children's series Flight 29 Down was filmed on the island
- The 1979 TV miniseries From Here to Eternity and the 1980 TV series remake, From Here to Eternity, were filmed on location
- Both the original Hawaii Five-O television series and its more recent version, Hawaii Five-0, are set and filmed on location on the island
- Hawaiian Eye, while set in Hawai?i, was filmed in Los Angeles
- Jake and the Fatman
- Lost was filmed almost entirely on O?ahu, with many locations on the island (predominantly Honolulu) serving as a stand-in for other locations (including United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and South Korea). Many of the show's stars still call the island home. The island's thick rainforests and picturesque beaches are prominently featured.
- Magnum, P.I.
- MythBusters shot their 2012 Season's "Duct Tape Island" episode on this island
- North Shore
- The River was filmed on O?ahu
- Last Resort began and finished filming in 2012 on O?ahu
- The Korean reality TV series Father and Me was filmed on O?ahu in 2016
- The Reimanns, a popular German reality TV series, has been filmed on the North Shore at the family's estate in P?p?kea since December 2015.
Renewable energyEdit
Beginning with a contract with the US Navy in 2001, Ocean Power Technologies began ocean-testing Azura, its wave power generation system at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH) at K?ne?ohe Bay. The O?ahu system was launched under the company's program with the US Navy for ocean testing and demonstration of such systems, including connection to the Oahu grid. The prototype can produce 20 kW, a system with 500 kW to 1 MW is planned to be installed at end of 2017.
O?ahu has 343 MW of rooftop solar power, and potential for 92 MW of wind power.
Notable peopleEdit
See alsoEdit
- National Register of Historic Places listings in O?ahu
ReferencesEdit
Notes
Sources
- Doyle, David W., Rescue in Paradise: Oahu's Beaches and their Guardians (Island Heritage, 2001)
- Macdonald, Gordon A., Agatin T. Abbott, and Frank L. Peterson. 1983. Volcanoes in the Sea. University of Hawai?i Press, Honolulu. 517 pp.
- Pukui, M. K., S. H. Elbert, and E. T. Mookini. 1976. Place names of Hawai?i. University of Hawai?i Press. 289 pp.
External linksEdit
- Media related to Oahu at Wikimedia Commons
- Oahu travel guide from Wikivoyage
Source of article : Wikipedia
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